cunlba.org – Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi which usually affects the trachea and the larynx, so often named also by laringotracheobronchitis. This inflammation can arise as a disorder of the airway or as part of a systemic disease such as the morbili, pertussis, ditteri, and typhus abdominalis.
The term of chronic bronchitis theory showed abnormalities in the bronchi that are chronic (longstanding) and caused by various factors, including factors that originate outside of the bronchi and the bronchi themselves. Chronic bronchitis is a condition associated with excessive mucus production trakheobronkhial, causing a cough that occurs at least three months within a year for more than two years in a row.
Chronic bronchitis is not a chronically form of acute bronchitis. However, over time can be found in the acute period of chronic bronchitis. This shows the bacterial attack on the wall that is not normal bronchi, secondary infection by bacteria can cause more damage so it will make things worse.
Chronic bronchitis is a complication of pathologic abnormalities in several organs, namely:
sunlba.org – Giving fluids through an IV (infusion) is an act of inserting fluid intravenously conducted in patients with the help of the infusion. This measure is intended to meet the needs of fluid and electrolytes as well as treatment and feeding action.
Here are explanations and examples of how to calculate infusion droplet:
1. Adults: (macro with 20 drops / ml)
Droplets per minute = amount of fluid intake / infusion duration (hours) X 3 or droplets of liquid per minute = X factor needs fluids / duration of infusion (hours) X 60 minutes.
Description:
Infusion droplet factor is varies this can be seen on the infusion label (10 drops / minute, 15 drops / min and 20 drops / minute).
Example:
An adult patient is required rehydration with 1000 ml (2 bottles) in 1 hour then droplet per minute is:
Droplets per minute = 1000 ml / 1 X 3 = 333/minute or droplets ml per minute = 1000 x 20/1 x 60 minutes = 333/ minute
2. Child
Droplets per minute (micro) = number of fluid intake / Infusion duration (hours)
Example:
One patient required rehydration of neonates with 250 micro liters in 2 hours, then droplet per minute is:
Droplets per minute (micro) = 250/2 = 125 drops per minute.
Csunlba.org – Standards nursing practice is the standard minimum size limit that must be made of nurses in implementing nursing care.
Through a standard practice, it is known whether interventions or nursing actions, it has been given in accordance with the plan and whether the client can achieve the expected goals.
Professional nursing practice is characterized as follows:
Classification
1. Nurses and the implementation nursing practice
Nurses play an important role in defining and implementing standards of nursing practice, to achieve the capability corresponding to the standard of nursing education. Nurses as members of the profession, at any time can maintain the attitude, in accordance with standard nursing profession.
2. Personal values and Professional Practice
The development and changes in the scope of nursing practice and medical technology field, will result in increased conflict between personal values that have a nurse with the practice in managing day-to-day, in addition, the supervisor needs help from the nurses to carry out the task certain nursing services.
Standards of Nursing Practice
Because nursing has increased its independence as a profession, a number of standards of nursing practice, has been established. Standards for practice is very important as an objective guide for nurses providing care and as a criterion for evaluating care, when the standard has been clearly defined, then the client can be assured that they get high-quality nursing care.